Militainment, Inc. offers a fascinating, disturbing, and timely glimpse into the militarization of American popular culture, examining how U.S. news coverage has come to resemble Hollywood film, video games, and “reality television” in its glamorization of war. Mobilizing an astonishing range of media examples – from news anchors’ idolatry of military machinery to the impact of government propaganda on war reporting – the film asks: How has war taken its place in the culture as an entertainment spectacle?And how does presenting war as entertainment affect the ability of citizens to evaluate the necessity and real human costs of military action? The film is broken down into nine sections, each between 10 and 20 minutes in length, allo wing for in-depth classroom analysis of individual elements of this wide-ranging phenomenon.

Watch the entire Militainment documentary on Youtube Here

Nowadays, it seems like every major FPS involves players in some kind of military or paramilitary organization. Gears of War and Halo: ODST do it in the future, while Call of Duty did it in the past and now the present, with Modern Warfare.

Although this makes sense in historical context, it also has the effect of changing the perception of the military and war in video games. The events of Doom and Half-Life are extraordinary, with a lone person taking up a gun and using it to survive. They are the solitary hero because they have to be the solitary hero. In games like Half-Life and Deus Ex, the military forces of the state are the enemy. In more recent games, as members of the military, the player is now a representative of the state. And in order for their premises, settings, and storylines to work, video games have to justify the actions of those militaries. This necessarily means that the violence of the state - war - is now the focus of most first-person shooters, instead of survival. And those wars have to be justified and even glorified for the games to work.

The U.S. Department of Defense is struggling to meet its recruitment quotas for all branches of the military in 2022 -2023. In response to this “national security” crisis, there has been the emergence of lower standards for recruits as well as new strategies for military recruitment commands to appeal to and recruit the next digital generation of youth. The following document contains articles that cover the Department of Defense’s strategies in both expanded and new locations for military recruitment currently impacting youth both inside and outside their public schools. For those activists that are confronting increased military recruiting inside their communities, the following articles will offer information about programs of the military they are likely to confront in their efforts to demilitarize youth.  Also provided are basic resources to counter military recruitment with youth targeted by military recruiters from the counter-recruitment community of activists.

Path to Reality: THE IOWA PEACE TASK FORCE teams up with American Friends Service Committee to protect students from strong arm recruitment tactics.

Peace & Militarism in Our High Schools.
Two Iowa parents tell there story.

• Author : Pat Elder
• Publisher : Unknown
• Release Date : 2016-12-08
• Genre: Uncategoriezed
• Pages : 260
• ISBN 10 : 1540353753

Military Recruiting in the United States Book Description :

Military Recruiting in the United States provides a fearless and penetrating description of the deceptive practices of the U.S. military as it recruits American youth into the armed forces. Long-time antiwar activist Pat Elder exposes the underworld of American military recruiting in this explosive and consequential book. The book describes how recruiters manage to convince youth to enlist. It details a sophisticated psy-ops campaign directed at children. Elder describes how the military encourages first-person shooter games and places firearms into the hands of thousands using the schools, its JROTC programs, and the Civilian Marksmanship Program to inculcate youth with a reverence for guns. Previously unpublished investigative work reveals how indoor shooting ranges in schools are threatening the health of children and school staff through exposure to lead particulate matter. The book provides a kind of "what's coming next manual" for European peacemakers as they also confront a rising tide of militarism. The book examines the disturbing, nurturing role of the Catholic Church in recruiting youth. It surveys the wholesale military censorship of Hollywood films, pervasive military testing in the high schools, and an explosion of military programs directed toward youth.

A focus on military recruitment efforts in the local high school. The conversation builds to a broad discussion about the necessity of war. Filmed in Juneau, Alaska and created for the 2007 International Documentary Challenge.

School guidance counselors are in a unique position to help students explore their post-high school options. Given the increased access of military recruiters to students, it is important for guidance coun- selors to be aware of some of the realities that surround military advertising, recruit- ment and enlistment.

For the past four years, TRC has published an annual report recording the involvement of the U.S. military in Western Massachusetts high schools. We started compiling data on military recruitment in 2012 by sending simple, one page requests to public high schools for information about the frequency of recruiter involvement. These went ignored by most schools. After submitting our inquiries in the form of Massachusetts Public Records Act requests, we received more responses. Responses collected between 2012-2015 were compiled into the first edition of Military Recruitment in Western Massachusetts High Schools. We repeated the process of submitting public record requests to schools to obtain information for the 2015-2016 School Year and the 2016-2017 School Year, which were compiled into the second and third edition respectively.

Since 1998 the Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA) “has been working with Congress and the Department of Defense to extend ‘Tier 1’ status — the military’s highest enlistment option — to home schoolers,”

Minnesota military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

Mississippi military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

Missouri military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

Montana military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

Montgomery officials cite the need to protect student privacy.

Download, read, and distribute
the National Call to respond to
increasing military, corporate
and conservative influence in
our public schools.

2022 version

Submission form for counter-recruitment / Truth in Recruitment Organizations that wish to be listed in the National Directory of Youth Demilitarization Groups.

Nebraska military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

Nevada military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

New Hampshire military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

New Jersey military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

New Mexico military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

New York military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

General information brochure about The National Network Opposing the Militarization of Youth. Latest Version 2016 in English. Trifold in color both sides no bleed. Letter size. PDF

Useful for distribution at conferences by NNOMY representatives

Recommended online printer with best service and good price Vistaprint.
Download PDF file to your computer, then follow instructions at:
http://www.vistaprint.com/propath/prepare-files.aspx?pf_id=150

Normal delivery inside the United States within four days

Note: You must Login to the website to access this document

General information brochure about The National Network Opposing the Militarization of Youth. Latest Version 2016 in Spanish. Trifold in color both sides no bleed. Letter size. PDF

Useful for distribution at conferences by NNOMY representatives

Recommended online printer with best service and good price Vistaprint.
Download PDF file to your computer, then follow instructions at:
http://www.vistaprint.com/propath/prepare-files.aspx?pf_id=150

Normal delivery inside the United States within four days

Note: You must Login to the website to access this document

Peace and Social Justice / KZFR - Gary Ghirardi, the Communications Staff Person, working out of the NNOMY national office at the San Diego Peace Campus in California, speaks about military counter-recruitment, past and present, on the Peace and Social Justice series of KZFR Community Radio in the Northern Sacramento Valley

24:00 minutes

In the Past few years, the U.S. military has mounted a virtual invasion into the lifes of young Americans.

By using data mining, stealth websites, the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) as a career test and sophisticated marketing software, the Pentagon is harvesting and analysing information on everything from high school students's GPA's and SAT scores to which video games they play.

Photographs by Mathieu Grandjean

Short Presentation on how to use Instagram effectively. Presented in the CR during a pandemic - social media webinar on 2/06/2021.
Sponsored by organizations in the National Network Opposing the Militarization of Youth.

The NNOMY Reader is a document comprised of the most relevant writings and subject areas that have come out of the U.S. based counter-recruitment movement of the last 15 years and reflect the primary challenges that have shaped this activism. The chosen writings were authored by principal contributors and activists of the U.S. based “CR movement” and reveal how they engaged to effect legislative protections, gain access to schools, and develop strategies to present a counter-narrative to recruitment age youth, different and more complete than that of military recruiters of the Department of Defense while working inside the confines of national laws, programs rules, and regulations.

The NNOMY Reader is a document comprised of the most relevant writings and subject areas that have come out of the U.S. based counter-recruitment movement of the last 15 years and reflect the primary challenges that have shaped this activism. The chosen writings were authored by principal contributors and activists of the U.S. based “CR movement” and reveal how they engaged to effect legislative protections, gain access to schools, and develop strategies to present a counter-narrative to recruitment age youth, different and more complete than that of military recruiters of the Department of Defense while working inside the confines of national laws, programs rules, and regulations.

Folded palm card, explains students opt-out and other rights.

Institute for Policy Studies: In this report, we lay out how militarism and the climate crisis are deeply intertwined and mutually reinforcing. The military itself, we explain, is a huge polluter — and is often deployed to sustain the very extractive industries that destabilize our climate. This climate chaos, in turn, leads to massive displacement, militarized borders, and the prospect of further conflict.

True climate solutions, we argue, must have anti-militarism at their core.

North Carolina military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

North Dakota military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

The Northwest Suburban Peace & Education Project formed in the spring of 2004. We all lived and worked in the community. Many of us had children in the public schools. As parents and community members we were concerned about the role of the military in our schools. This became very clear in the run-up to the Iraq war. The government was beating the drums of war and the military recruiters were all over the high schools trying to recruit young people. We felt the need to offer an alternative view.

District 214 is the second largest high school district in the state of Illinois. It includes the suburbs of Elk Grove Village, Rolling Meadows, Arlington Heights, Wheeling, Mt Prospect, Prospect Heights and Buffalo Grove. There are six high schools. Together this includes about 12,000 students.

Starting in 2004 until 2019 we set up a table in the commons area in each high school usually once a month. We talked to the students; offered career alternatives; and tried to raise their awareness of the militarism in society. We often had a theme centered on a particular event – e.g. International Day of Peace, Memorial Day, Mother’s Day. We produced a zine which included submissions from District 214 students. And we hosted public events.

We had been losing members over the years. None of us have children or grandchildren in any D214 schools any longer. Then in 2019 the school district essentially made the decision for us by implementing a new policy which restricts all outside groups to one visit/semester. Although there were slight differences in how the policy was administered between the six high schools, it was a game changer for us. To be clear, the same policy applied to the military. In fact there was a rumor that the policy came about by a parent angry about the presence of recruiters at the school with free access to the students. Then the pandemic hit and access to students was limited. At that point we decided to disband. Our blog, which we started in 2010, follows.

Libby Frank June 2021

O'Reilly & Military Recruiters in Schools... Spokesperson from Iraqi Veterans Against the War explains counter-recruitment position over action in Seattle?

Ohio military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

Oklahoma military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

History of the Granny Peace Brigade and a focus on their Counter-recruitment activism. A group of women went to the Times Square recruitment center on October 17th, 2005 to enlist. We asked to enlist in place of grandchildren who had been deployed in Iraq unnecessarily. We were arrested and charged with disorderly conduct. Instead of accepting an Adjournment in Contemplation of Dismissal (ACD), we decided to go to court to defend our civil right to speak out. While planning the court case we became determined to work together to end the war in Iraq. To do this, we needed an identity and a name; we became the Granny Peace Brigade. It was as members of the newly formed Granny Peace Brigade that we were tried in NYC Criminal Court and acquitted.

List of non-military options compiled by Code Pink and Granny Peace Brigade in New York.

Oregon military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

Otto Dix was a German artist, painter, print maker and watercolorist. His depictions of mechanized warfare and post-war Berlin continue to shape our impressions of the Great War and Weimar society. Along with George Grosz, Dix was one of the more important figures in New Objectivity. While Grosz delved into the shadows of modern society, Dix stared into the abyss.

Well known in the national peace and justice scene, Pat has been organizing resistance to the Bush administration’s wars since 2001. Based in the DC area, Pat works with a wide range of groups, attempting to confront the militarization of the nation’s high schools. Pat Elder serves on the Coordinating Committee of the National Network Opposing the Militarization of Youth, NNOMY.

Cindy Sheehan has been an influential voice in the Peace Movement for three presidencies. However, what was it that drove her to activism? We believe her story to be one of the examples of how the counter-recruitment organizations within NNOMY (The National Network Opposing the Militarization of Youth) is motivated by a desire to avoid the human suffering that participating in war can entail.

Peace Pill Videos celebrate those individuals and movements that struggle for peace, past and present, and educate us on a history that is intentionally left out of the official narrative about war and peace.

We use variations of these exercises in our peaceCENTER training, If you are using peaceCENTER material in your classroom, we would be delighted to add your lesson plans to the list. You can e-mail them to the This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

Revised 10/13/2017

The Peaceful Career Alternatives website has been developed with the support of multiple national, regional, and local peace and religious organizations to provide young people deciding how to begin their productive working lives with alternative ideas and options without entering military service.

We encourage school counselors, parents, teachers, and most of all our youth, to utilize this resource before recommending or deciding on a military career and to network this resource to those considering enlistment.

Pennsylvania military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

This form, sent to us by Prince George's County, Maryland school officials, was supplied to school officials by the U.S. Military Entrance Processing Command, (USMEPCOM).  The form omits Option 8.  Compare it with the "ASVAB Test request Form" list separately in this document section.

Fred Askew is a freelance News and Editorial photographer based in New York City. His work is published internationally in journals, newspapers and magazines. One of his themes is the anti-war movement.

His photographs have appeared in Time Magazine, The New York Times, Le Monde, El Pais, New York Magazine, Artforum Magazine, The Village Voice, Clamor Magazine, YES Magazine, Index Magazine, The Indypendent and other publications.

BUSD (Berkeley) has just passed a sister resolution to the OUSD Resolution protecting students form the JAMRS database that we passed last year.  This was after a 2 year campaign that paved the way for Oakland to pass our resolution.  Now it has gained momentum and sister districts seem very willing to follow suit.

SFUSD (San Francisco) will also vote on a JAMRS resolution next week so we are slowly making the BAY-Area an unwelcoming zone to JAMRS and the ways it invades young people's privacy to make them easier to recruit.

Please consider working with your local board of ed to pass a similar resolution.  When framed as a student privacy issue it seems uncontroversial and yet it is a very practical way to undercut aggressive recruitment in public schools.
Attached is the BUSD Resolution signed.

Planning to Change the World: A Plan Book for Social Justice Teachers 2020-2021 is a plan book for educators who believe their students can and will change the world. It is designed to help teachers translate their vision of a just education into concrete classroom activities.

Source: NYCore: New York Collective of Radical Educators

According to popular discourse, video games are either the divine instrument of education’s future or the software of Satan himself, provoking young men to carry out all-too-real rampages. Much like discussions surrounding the Internet, debates on video games carry the vague, scattershot chatter that says too much about the medium (e.g. do video games cause violence?) without saying much at all about the particulars of games or gaming conventions (e.g. how can death be given more weight in first person shooters?).

Because of the pressures and incremental gains of on-going C-R operations and the problems the military has in enlisting personnel during good economic times (translated: low unemployment), there has been some talk of a draft re-instatement. There is no serious talk of reinstating the draft.  The SSS budget is approximately the same as it was in 1980 when Jimmy Carter resumed draft registration (25 million) so in real dollars adjusted for inflation, it is less. Hardly an indication of getting ready to reinstate the draft. If this were to be a universal draft for universal service, there might be some national benefit in that. This statement is opinion-  and debatable. However, if draftees would be targeted primarily toward military service (a certainty), we would be ready to provide whatever assistance we could in helping our youth apply for conscientious objector (CO) status. - Submitted by JMCNRICK- Sep 4, 2011

Voters are often told that candidates for the U.S. Congress lack any foreign policy platform because they don’t know enough about the topic and don’t plan to focus on it. The following is meant to quickly remedy that situation. Below is information on:

• The Federal Budget
• The Militarization of Other Nations
• Foreign Aid
• U.S. Bases
• The Rule of Law
• War Powers
• Wars
• Nuclear Weapons
• “National Security”
• Sanctions
• Global Cooperation
• Intersectionality
• Jobs
• “Leading the World”
• U.S. Public Opinion
• Examples of Successful Candidates’ Platforms
• Unwarranted Influence
• Recommendations

Setting aside mandatory spending (including Social Security, Medicare, and other spending that Congress does not address annually) as well as payments on debts, and looking only at discretionary spending (the money Congress spends each year at its discretion), over half in recent years has gone to military spending.

Military spending (discretionary and otherwise) includes a budget of three-quarters of a trillion dollars for the Pentagon, plus hundreds of billions more for nuclear weapons in the Energy Department, military activities of other departments including Homeland Security, the budgets of 17 secretive agencies, debt for past wars, and the Veterans Affairs budget.

U.S. military spending dwarfs the cost of most infrastructure and social needs spending legislation, the cost of any other item (or dozen items) of discretionary spending, and the military spending of any other nation. In 2020, U.S. military spending was more than the military spending of the next 11 biggest spenders combined, nine of which nations were U.S. weapons customers pressed by the U.S. government to increase their military spending. The next 14 biggest spenders below the top 12 were the only others to spend over 1% of U.S. military spending, and of those 14, 11 were U.S. weapons customers.  

Learn More

Based on a literature review and analysis of the Department of Labor’s Welfare to Work Project, this guide emphasizes lessons from the Job and Conservation Corps but are applicable to many programs serving low-income or disenfranchised youth. The guide also features a “how-to” section to help agency staff translate promising practices to their own programs. Cambridge, MA: Abt Associates, Inc, 2003.

Puerto Rico military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

All the reports and articles here were all published by reputable journalistic or government agencies. The first five were published in 2005 and 2006. #6 is the written version of a TV news investigative report by an Atlanta station, in which Quaker house was involved. This report shows that these patterns of recruiter abuse are nothing new.

All the articles are reproduced strictly for educational purposes.

1. An Army of one wrong recruit (Autistic)

2. FBI: Recruiters caught in drug probe

3. Soldier, 17, says recruiter forged parental release

4. Army Recruiters Accused of Misleading Students to Get Them to Enlist

5. Government Accountability Office Report: Military Recruiting: DOD [Department of Defense] and Services Need Better Data to Enhance Visibility over Recruiter Irregularities

6. 1999: G.I. Lies – WAGA TV Atlanta Investigative Report

7. How Far Will Army Recruiters Go? (Faking drug test results)

8. Hardball Recruiter Gets Promoted (Despite deceiving recruits)

9. Army suspends recruitment to
address ethics breaches--

10. CBS NEWS:Sexual Abuse By Military Recruiters (August 2006)

11. Associated Press: No Sex Charges for
S.C. Guard Recruiter (Sex with students; January 2007)

Source: Quaker House

Recruiters chased out of Seattle Central Community College.

Action ideas for high school students.

"You're a salesman, you have a quota," explains former Marine recruiter, Chris Dugan.

Recruiting for peace at http://www.michaelmoore.com/

Despite constituting the formal mechanism by which states and militaries persuade and enrol their personnel, military recruitment is poorly understood in the social and political sciences. Tied either to a normative and partisan sociology which aims to provide applied solutions for recruitment and retention programmes, or subsumed under a broad banner, by critical scholars, of a global ‘cultural condition’ of militarisation, studies of recruitment lack the rigour they should be afforded. In exploring these issues, the paper offers a vision of critical military studies which takes seriously the efforts of counter-military recruiting activist and protest movements in the US and UK. Counter-recruitment activism is billed as the most practical way to resist policies of militarism and militarisation. In promoting locally situated, practical solutions to the effects of militarised cultures (often as part of activism in schools), it aims to expose the relationship between, and acts to correct, both local and global injustices. In reviewing the practical and conceptual basis for counter-recruiting strategies, and speaking to broader movements in feminist scholarship on militarisation, the paper demonstrates the importance of critical studies of military recruitment, and in so doing, argues for a critical military studies which is situated amidst the people and places militarism affects.

Flyer on a San Diego campaign to restrict military recruiting and give high school students balanced access to information on options after high school.

UCSC Career Center Policy
• NACE Principles for Employment Professionals
• NACE Principles for Career Service Professionals
• 1984 UCOP Letter to Chancellors
• STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE
• 1983 UC POLICY ON NONDISCRIMINATION ON BASIS OF SEXUAL
ORIENTATION
• AALS Position on the Military’s "Don’t ask, don’t tell" Policy
• Ameliorative Measures
• 2002 Dean Robert C.UCSC Career Center Policy
• NACE Principles for Employment Professionals
• NACE Principles for Career Service Professionals
• 1984 UCOP Letter to Chancellors
• STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE
• 1983 UC POLICY ON NONDISCRIMINATION ON BASIS OF SEXUAL
ORIENTATION
• AALS Position on the Military’s "Don’t ask, don’t tell" Policy
• Ameliorative Measures
• 2002 Dean Robert C.Clark Announces Change to HLS Military
Recruiting Policy
UCSC

The Best Practices for Social Media Campaigning for Social Justice Organizing report covers the basic recommendations of how to use the big three social media platforms of Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter with an emphasis on promoting social justice issues tailored for counter military recruiting.

The Selene Rivas report explores how the U.S. citizenry has been normalized to accept a permanent state of militarism through popular culture: Movies, video games and comic books.

35 pp, 2017, The National Network Opposing the Militarization of Youth. PDF

Selene Rivas presents a series of brief articles exploring how the U.S. citizenry has been normalized to accept a permanent state of militarism through popular culture: Movies, video games and comic books.

"Over the course of this series, we have explored several concepts which are building blocks for the social sciences (“normal”, “normalization”), which in turn have helped us understand and define “militarism” and “militarization”. After this, we dove into the transformative potential found within popular culture: how can it affect the people who consume it? "

Selene Rivas

Costs of War Project research supports an interdisciplinary approach to teaching on the post-9/11 wars, so this community is open to instructors, students, and researchers from all fields. Do you have a resource that should be included on this page and shared with the Costs of War's community of students and instructors? Submit resource details here.

Resource Spotlight:

Costs of War Lesson, Choices Program - videos and class resources to teach the costs of war. From the Choices Program at Brown University. Also includes lesson plans, activities, and readings.

    Video (5 min.): What is the war on terror?

    Video (2 min.): What is the Authorization for the Use of Military Force?

    Video (3 min.): What have been the human costs of the War on Terror?

    Video (2 min.): How are the Iraq and Afghanistan wars different from previous wars?

    Video (2 min.): What are some myths about U.S. defense spending?

    And more..

Rethinking Elementary Education - Edited by Linda Christensen, Mark Hansen, Bob Peterson, Elizabeth Barbian, and Dyan Watson - Rethinking Schools - 2012
Rethinking Elementary Education collects the finest writing about elementary school life and learning from 25 years of Rethinking Schools magazine. The articles in this volume offer practical insights about how to integrate the teaching of content with a social justice lens, how to seek wisdom from students and their families, and how to navigate stifling tests and mandates. Teachers and parents will find both inspiration and hope in these pages.

Rhode Island military alternatives such as: money for college, job training/skills, direction in life, discipline, to be part of a team, travel, to serve their country, to get out of trouble with the law, physical training, even citizenship.

On April 5, some 300 students and community members held a raucous demonstration at the UC Santa Cruz campus, where US military recruiters had a booth at the school's Job and Internship fair.